In 2022, the Russian economy and transport system faced unprecedented sanctions pressure. The closure of the skies, ports and roads of the countries of the European Union, the embargo on the shipment of coal, the phase-out of Russian oil, financial and other sanctions lead to significant changes in the structure of the Russian economy, to the search for new business partners in neutral countries of the world. Such changes are inevitably accompanied by changes in supply chains, which exacerbates the issues of setting priorities in the implementation of transport policy. In the new economic reality, it should be focused on facilitating the access of Russian enterprises to the markets of South and Southeast Asia, Turkey, the Middle East, Africa, Iran, Pakistan and other countries that have not joined the sanctions, through the development of infrastructure, multimodal transportation and the reduction of administrative barriers.

In the context of the development of the modern economy, innovative ideas in the field of transport are considered, which are indicators of trends in the development of transport systems. Attention is focused on the trends in the individualization of vehicles, the greening of transport and the increase in speeds. Examples of innovative developments in each of these areas are given. It was revealed that these trends are often combined with each other within specific vehicles and technologies, which generates synergistic effects that are important for the transport industry and the economy as a whole.

Modern problems of ensuring the quality level of transport services for cargo owners in railway transport and economic ways to solve them based on computational and analytical methods of analysis and evaluation are considered. The procedure for analyzing the Quality Index as a modern tool for factor analysis and assessing the quality of transport services for cargo owners is described. A technique for estimating the elasticity of demand for transportation with respect to the quality of transport services and the formation of a production function in transport “volume — price — quality of transportation” is shown. A methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of improving the quality of transport services based on the indicator of non-price elasticity of demand is considered and key macro factors that affect the quality of transport services are identified.

The problem of constructing methods for calculating infrastructure projects in transport from a systemic point of view is considered. Theoretical foundations for constructing correct methods are formulated. Elements in the system, when interacting, affect the properties of each other. They cannot be calculated separately. A new criterion for the correctness of the calculation method is introduced — the coincidence of the functional role of the calculation element in reality and in the model. The erroneousness of a number of initial postulates in normative documents is shown, which leads to incorrect calculation methods. It is noted that the most correct method is simulation.

When designing railway rolling stock, design decisions are made to improve its dynamic qualities. They largely depend on vertical and horizontal elastic-dissipative links in the system «wheel pair — bogie frame — body». Reducing the intensity of vertical and horizontal oscillations of the carriage leads to an improvement in the dynamic qualities of the car and an increase in traffic safety. To reduce frame forces, lateral impact from the wheel on the rail between the body and the bogie frame, an elastic connection is provided, implemented by a cradle or pendulum suspension, the rigidity of which is expressed by the reduced length of the equivalent pendulum. To increase the overall safety and reduce the deviation of the direction of the resultant weight of the load from the perpendicular to the floor in curved sections of the track in the cradle suspension, inclined suspensions are used. When analyzing regulatory documents and research results, a difference was established in the formulas used to calculate the reduced length of an equivalent pendulum. The calculated and experimental studies of the dynamic characteristics of the cradle suspension with inclined car suspensions for high-speed freight transportation made it possible to refine the calculation formula.

The changes that have taken place in the automotive industry in Russia due to the imposed sanctions, which led to a change in supply chains, as well as the vector of development of the Russian automotive industry, are analyzed. Topical and economically attractive directions for the use of existing and development of new production facilities in the automotive industry are considered.

The development of the Arctic is a strategic priority, a powerful driver of Russia’s socio-economic development, and strengthens the country’s geopolitical position in global competition. The creation of an efficient regional transport and logistics system is the most important condition for the development of the Arctic territories. To create it, new generation specialists are needed, whose intellectual and educational level would allow them to design, build and operate transport facilities on permafrost soils in the conditions of the Arctic, perform geotechnical monitoring, analyze and predict the state of transport facilities over time, master and implement innovative methods and technologies quality management of transport facilities, develop and implement effective organizational and managerial structures.

Measures for the decarbonization of road transport are considered. The most effective of them in the medium term are measures to diversify the use of natural gas, electric traction drive and hydrogen fuel cells as energy sources. The key organizational, technological and economic problems that hinder the widespread use of these alternative energy sources are highlighted. The main requirements are formulated, the fulfillment of which will ensure the competitiveness of electric vehicles with traction batteries and hydrogen fuel cells in comparison with petroleum-fuelled vehicles.