The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of key indicators of the development of the Russian transport complex in 2023–2025. It provides forecast values for the period up to 2028, taking into account current trends and exogenous macroeconomic parameters defined in the latest Forecast of the Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation for 2026 and for the planned period of 2027 and 2028, as well as in other strategic documents.

To ensure compliance with federal legislation concerning the achievement of regulated requirements for population transport services, several related terms and definitions have been introduced or clarified, including regular-route service, route variant, route network, route system, regional service standard, and others.

The article proposes new approaches to evaluating the efficiency of railway companies, including the use of component analysis of the cost ratio and integration of component and marginal analyses. The dynamics of Russian Railways’ efficiency indicators for 2019–2024 are examined. Components of the cost ratio that increased or decreased efficiency are identified, and qualitative assessments of each component’s impact are provided.

The article presents the results of research on the efficiency of water transport systems and its assessment. Concepts of optimality and adaptation efficiency are proposed. The former seeks an optimal solution, while the latter provides an optimal and adaptive response to external changes based on monitoring, operational information processing, control, and regulation. Developed economic-mathematical models are demonstrated using examples of water transport systems and shipping companies.

The article addresses methods for traffic-flow control under the conditions of digital transformation of transport systems. Based on an analysis of the limitations of traditional approaches, an architecture of cooperative intelligent transport systems integrating V2X technologies, dynamic flow distribution, and user-equilibrium algorithms is proposed. The study confirms that the integration of dynamic algorithms and digital models enables a sustainable balance between demand and resources amid growing urbanization.

A key challenge of automated driving under hazardous meteorological conditions is the development of reliable recognition systems that can account for adverse phenomena creating extreme driving conditions. The article summarizes perception technologies for automated driving and highlights issues arising in severe weather and other situations that hinder autonomous operation.

The study aims to develop an algorithm for determining train departure intervals from a limiting station. Methods of mathematical and statistical analysis were used. The proposed algorithm, based on statistical train- movement data, makes it possible to determine and set the optimal interval between dispatched train packages.

For the first time in Russian-language scientific literature, an innovative comprehensive lifecycle model of a cyber-physical-social system designed for transport services during mass events is presented. The study fills a theoretical gap in managing integrated transport systems.

Modern computational systems and visualization tools have created prerequisites for a fundamental modernization of existing technologies for automated design of surface transport routes. The work discusses the initial stage of developing improved mathematical support for optimal railway alignment based on data mining, optimization, and three-dimensional parametric modelling.

The use of hydrogen as a transport fuel, including for railway applications, is one of the most promising directions for alternative energy implementation. Although hydrogen has been used previously, only recently have clear development prospects emerged. Particular attention is given to the use of hydrogen fuel cells to generate electric power on locomotives through chemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen.

The article describes the operating principle of a proposed alternative design of an absorption water–ammonia automotive air conditioner and its advantages and disadvantages compared with compressor-based systems. Special attention is given to the key component — the steam generator. The structural features of its internal mechanisms enabling operation under uncontrolled vehicle-induced vibrations are examined in detail.

The article considers the advantages of using T-gauge freight cars. Their deployment allows for an increase in railway throughput by raising train weight, reducing the required fleet size due to higher capacity, decreasing traction costs, and lowering shippers’ transportation expenses. Challenges in implementation associated with out-of-gauge locations and insufficient bridge load capacity are analyzed.

Within the Far Eastern Railway, the first stage of the Roadmap dated 13 December 2023 No. 376 has been successfully completed, involving the pilot implementation of automated transmission of DU-61 warning forms to the onboard systems of 3ES5K locomotives engaged in freight operations. The mechanism of the developed solutions is described.

An original methodology for spatial identification of urban agglomeration boundaries is proposed, based on empirical analysis of daily variability in traffic flow intensity. Unlike traditional approaches relying on administrative or demographic zoning, the method is grounded in parameters of labour-related pendulum migration.

The study aims to improve the efficiency and quality of public transport services by obtaining scientifically grounded data on passenger-exchange times at intermediate stops. The results support the development of accurate simulation models and digital twins of transport processes and systems.

The article examines key aspects of the construction of the Murmansk Railway. Special attention is given to the pivotal historical moment that ended nearly a century of delays and initiated the realization of earlier proposals. The difficulties faced by workers and project organizers during construction are described.