In recent decades, efforts have been made in the Western information space to downplay the role of the USSR in the victory of the anti-Hitler coalition over Germany and its satellites. Simultaneously, the U.S. contribution, particularly the assistance provided under Lend-Lease, is often overemphasized. This paper provides an objective assessment of the scale and significance of American supplies for the needs of Soviet railway transport during the war.

Global and domestic trends in shipbuilding and key market players are analyzed. Both endogenous and exogenous factors hindering the development of Russia’s shipbuilding sector are identified and substantiated. Strategic regulatory documents for the medium- and long-term are examined, along with their shortcomings. State budget financing levels for the industry are assessed. 

The necessity of accelerating freight transport under current conditions is substantiated. A methodology for evaluating macroeconomic and sectoral effects is presented. It is demonstrated that increased transport speed reduces the opportunity cost associated with immobilized working capital in transit. Additionally, faster capital turnover amplifies the economic impact of the growing value of transported goods. A new indicator — ”freight load on transport infrastructure” — is proposed for sector-specific evaluations.

A methodology is proposed to reduce pedestrian-related road traffic accidents at signal-controlled intersections. The study introduces a novel systematization of visibility-influencing factors and structures methods to enhance road safety.

The study analyzes methods for identifying wheel tread defects and reveals insufficient accuracy in detecting slides, spalling, and irregular wear. To improve diagnostic precision, the use of an XGBoost Classifier neural network is proposed. The algorithm is tested on digital models of freight cars with both intact and defective wheelsets using vertical and lateral force data. The algorithm achieves 99.5 % accuracy in defect detection.

A mathematical model based on graph theory is presented to optimize fleet operations in liner shipping, taking into account technical and operational vessel parameters for effective time-charter leasing under multifactorial conditions. A reduced metagraph model is introduced. The results help identify key vessel parameters relevant to regular time-charter fleet operations.

Numerical calculations were conducted for the design and technical parameters of a vehicle braking energy recovery system, including hydraulic line dimensions, efficiency of the hydro-motor pump, torque transmitted to the driveshaft, and pneumatic-hydraulic accumulator charging speed. A laboratory prototype of the auxiliary acceleration system was created and tested for operational reliability.

Methods for evaluating fatigue resistance and cyclic durability of crankshafts are reviewed. A methodology for numerical-experimental estimation of residual service life is proposed. A finite element model of the crankshaft was developed for strength analysis under operational loads. The endurance limit was assessed using strain gauge testing under fatigue loading. An approach to determining operational stress and calculating the equivalent amplitude of mechanical stress is presented.

Original design solutions are presented for pipeline transport systems using magnetic levitation and linear traction motors. To reduce aerodynamic resistance, it is proposed to maintain reduced air pressure inside the pipeline. A method for preserving laminar airflow toward the transport module is described. The design of a linear synchronous motor with a bottom-mounted current collector is provided. The use of Halbach arrays is shown to reduce electromagnetic field levels in the passenger cabin without shielding.

The paper presents results of measuring performance and fuel economy parameters for diesel engines running on various fuels. When operating the D242 engine in gas-diesel cycle, the maximum reduction in specific effective fuel consumption was 14 %. For the PD-1M (D50 series) engine, gas substitution reached 94 %, with diesel consumption reduced by 276 g/kWh. Adding hydrogen to the intake air of a D242 diesel engine led to a 10 % reduction in specific consumption with 5 % substitution. Biofuel blends based on diesel and alcohol increased consumption by 3–7 g/kWh depending on composition.

The study addresses reducing environmental impact from merchant vessels through CO₂ recovery via hydrogenation to methane. Two thermodynamic calculation methods for methanation are analyzed. The first treats gas compression as adiabatic, while the second considers heat exchange with the compression cylinder using the polytropic process model, yielding more accurate results.

The paper analyzes measures to increase dissertation defense rates in transport-related higher education institutions. Key challenges in defending dissertations during postgraduate studies are discussed. Based on SGUPS experience, proposals are made to increase the number of graduates defending within the standard timeframe.

The paper outlines a conceptual framework for assessing the revenue–expenditure balance of public urban transport systems in Russian regions. The methodology takes into account effective management, regulatory budget funding, and compliance with the fare affordability standard.

The transport system of the Russian Far East is examined in terms of economic prerequisites, organizational structures, and the development of regional-scale transport and logistics centers amid growing freight flows and evolving transport corridors. The study introduces novel approaches to servicing cargo flows based on integrated transport-logistics management.